Industrialization in England Essay - 1828 Words

The world has changed in many ways throughout history. Industrialization has changed England in many ways. The Industrial Revolution was too hard on the men, women, and children in England. The changes that occurred in the economy and society in Britain during the late 18th and 19th century is known as the Industrial Revolution (McCloskey Int.). The Industrial Revolution was a drawn-out process that transformed Britain’s economy from the production of goods by hand to the production of goods by machine (Thackerary 1). During this time the number of people employed in industrial manufacturing, making many different goods, and especially making textiles, iron goods, metal waves, and pottery increased dramatically (McCloskey Int.). At the†¦show more content†¦In 1851, the employment of textiles rose from 1.3 million to over 1.5 million by 1911. Clothing went from nine hundred thousand to over 1.2 million workers. Engineering and metal working rose from over half a millio n workers to nearly two million. In the paper and printing industry the employment increased five-fold to nearly four hundred thousand employees. Employment in the chemical, oil, and soap industries increased over four-fold to two hundred thousand workers (Mingay 27). By 1849, there were twelve steel-pen factories employing an average of one hundred fifty-four employees in each factory. Mechanized industries employed less than two million workers in 1851 (Mingay 26). In 1871 there were one hundred forty-five factories making boots and shoes, and each factory employed an average of one hundred twenty-five workers. There were fifty-eight cheap clothing factories that employed an average of one hundred thirty-six workers a piece. The expansion of the market at home and overseas was the ultimate reason for the growth of the factories in Britain (Mingay 26). Along the River Severn is the Industrial Revolution-Iron Bridge which provided Britain with many minerals, clay, coal, and iron ore (Whitehouse 26). The citizens of Britain had a hard time finding jobs during the Industrial Revolution. There were more workers than jobs offered, which made it harder on theShow MoreRelated Effects of Industrialization and the Conditions of the Working Class in England1278 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Industrialization and the Conditions of the Working Class in England In the middle of the 19th century the industrial revolution was flourishing in England. With all of the advancements in machinery there would be new opportunities and drawbacks for citizens. Many would leave their lives on the farms and work in factories with unsafe settings. Karl Marx felt that the new advancements in society were able to support the fourth stage of human development, Communism. AlongRead MoreBritish Industrialization : The World s Empire926 Words   |  4 PagesBritish Industrialization As the world’s empires began stretching to all corners of the globe, colonization provided growing empires with the much needed resources to sustain their exponential growth. As a small island nation, roughly the size of Louisiana, the British Empire was quickly becoming the world’s super power as the eighteenth century approached. With industrialized centers such as Manchester and London leading the world’s technological advancement, resources imported from coloniesRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution886 Words   |  4 PagesDeanna Adams Dr. O Sullivan HIS 1102 29 March 2015 Industrialization in Europe Industrialization is a noun given the definition of the large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country (Dictionary.com). Tools have been around forever, but until the industrialization they required human labor to use. Almost every aspect of life was changed during this time. The industrial revolution was first used toRead More2002 Ap Euro Dbq: Manchester Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Industrialization on Manchester, England 1750-1850 England in the 18th and 19th centuries changed dramatically as a result of the Industrial Revolution, which had many effects on the social structure of England and increased the gap between the rich and the poor. Because of this, industrialized English towns such as Manchester were both criticized and admired by poets, politicians, journalists, and outsiders, who were particularly from France. The most powerful points of view wereRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Was A Production Revolution814 Words   |  4 PagesBefore America was a world power, England held the title rightfully. England brought the world tremendous change when James Hargreaves invented the Spinning Jenny and then again when James Watt invented steam energy. As farmers used new ways of making food, food became less expensive and more abundant leading to population growth. The population growth leads to a higher demand for manufactured goods. The industrial revolution was a production revolution. With more famers having to become migrantRead MoreUrban Migration During The Industrialization1708 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization was a period that brought about many changes. One of the changes that happened during this period was the change of working atmospheres from farms and homes to factories. Industrialization in both England and China had a massive impact on the working conditions in both countries. In England, the percentage of population living in urban areas saw an increase from 17% to 72% in during the Industrial Revolution (Watson). China’s urban population rose from 26% to 53% in 2012 whichRead MoreEssay Industrialization in Europe972 Words   |  4 Pagesevolution of industrialization in Europe, so came to be new inventions, a greater demand for capital, improvements in having efficient and reliable transportation, and the stimulation of economic growth. The lack of government cooperation ultimately led to such a drastic change coming about and even though they had started to come about in the 18th century, this was not a turning point and people capitalized on what had been started. The people realized that with industrialization, it would requireRead MoreA Social Morality Of The Victorian Age1355 Words   |  6 PagesOscar Martin Professor Stephen Mendonca English 2323 2 August 2015 A Social Morality The Victorian age ranged from 1830 to 1901, during this time England reached its highest point as a world imperial power. Industrialization and the reign of Queen Victoria (1837 to 1901) played a major role in England’s success. The overwhelming industrialization caused a population boom that changed England’s population from two million to six million people. The abundance of people created new social problemsRead MoreHow Did Industrialization Affect The Industrial Revolution1247 Words   |  5 PagesWhile the majority of modifications began in England their effects could be felt throughout Europe. The development of more efficient and mechanized tools to further industry, specifically the textile industry, became common place in England during the later part of the 18th century and the early part of the 19th. As society moved from an agriculturally based economy to an industrial based economy social transformation also resulted throughout England and eventually th e continent. This shift createdRead MoreThe Stages of Industrialization1041 Words   |  4 PagesIndustrialization refers to a stage of social and economic transformation that alters a group or society from an agrarian one into an industrial society (Sullivan Sheffrin, 2003). Industrialization is associated with progress in the production of metallurgy and energy opening up the economy for manufacturing. It occurs as a broad process of modernizing in a society such that economic change and social change become strongly related to the technological innovations. It also brings with it a kind

Does Il Est Évident Need the Subjunctive

The French expression il est à ©vident / cest à ©vident means it is obvious, and it may require the subjunctive, depending on whether it is used affirmatively, negatively or interrogatively. When used affirmatively, il est à ©vident does not require the subjunctive.   Example Il est à ©vident / Cest à ©vident quil le fait.Its obvious that hes doing it. But when the phrase is structured in the negative or the interrogative—therefore expresses doubt or uncertainty—it calls for the subjunctive. Examples Il nest pas à ©vident / Ce nest pas à ©vident quil le fasse.Its not obvious that hell do it. (Note: Its not obvious that hell do it is not the same as Its obvious that hell not do it. The latter is an affirmative use of the term and would require the indicative, as a result.) Est-il à ©vident / Est-ce à ©vident quil le fasse?Is it obvious that hell do it?

Damascus Steel Ancient Sword Making Techniques

Damascus steel and Persian watered steel are common names for high-carbon steel swords created by Islamic civilization craftsmen during the middle ages and fruitlessly lusted after by their European counterparts. The blades had a superior toughness and cutting edge, and they are believed to have been named not for the town of Damascus, but from their surfaces, which have a characteristic watered-silk or damask-like swirled pattern. Fast Facts: Damascus Steel Name of Work: Damascus Steel, Persian watered steelArtist or Architect: Unknown Islamic metalsmithsStyle/Movement: Islamic civilizationPeriod: Abbasid (750–945 CE)Type of Work: Weaponry, toolsCreated/Built: 8th century CEMedium: IronFun Fact: The primary raw ore source for Damascus steel was imported from India and Sri Lanka, and when the source dried up, the sword-makers were unable to recreate those swords. The manufacturing method essentially went undiscovered outside of medieval Islam until 1998. Its hard for us to imagine the combined fear and admiration engendered by these weapons today: Fortunately, we can rely on literature. The British writer Walter Scotts 1825 book The Talisman describes a recreated scene of October 1192, when Richard Lionheart of England and Saladin the Saracen met to end the Third Crusade. (There would be five more after Richard retired to England, depending on how you count your crusades). Scott imagined an arms demonstration between the two men, Richard wielding a good English broadsword and Saladin a scimitar of Damascus steel, a curved and narrow blade, which glittered not like the swords of the Franks, but was, on the contrary, of a dull blue colour, marked with ten millions of meandering lines... This fearsome weapon, at least in Scotts overblown prose, represented the winner in this medieval arms race, or at least a fair match. Damascus Steel: Understanding the Alchemy The legendary sword known as the Damascus steel intimidated the European invaders of the Holy Lands belonging to the Islamic civilization throughout the Crusades (1095–1270 CE). Blacksmiths in Europe attempted to match the steel, using the pattern welding technique, forged from alternated layers of steel and iron, folding and twisting the metal during the forging process. Pattern welding was a technique used by sword-makers from around the world, including Celts of the 6th century BCE, Vikings of the 11th century CE  and the 13th-century Japanese samurai swords. But pattern welding wasnt the secret to Damascus steel. Some scholars credit the search for the Damascus steel process as the origins of modern materials science. But the European blacksmiths never duplicated the solid core Damascus steel using the pattern-welding technique. The closest they came to replicating the strength, sharpness and wavy decoration was by deliberately etching the surface of a pattern-welded blade or decorating that surface with silver or copper filigree. Wootz Steel and Saracen Blades In middle age metal technology, steel for swords or other objects was typically obtained through the bloomery process, which required heating the raw ore with charcoal to create a solid product, known as a bloom of combined iron and slag. In Europe, the iron was separated from the slag by heating the bloom to at least 1200 degrees Celsius, which liquified it and separated out the impurities. But in the Damascus steel process, the bloomery pieces were placed into crucibles with carbon-bearing material and heated for a period of several days, until the steel formed a liquid at 1300–1400 degrees. But most importantly, the crucible process provided a way to add high carbon content in a controlled manner. High carbon provides the keen edge and durability, but its presence in the mixture is almost impossible to control. Too little carbon and the resulting stuff is wrought iron, too soft for these purposes; too much and you get cast iron, too brittle. If the process doesnt go right, the steel forms plates of cementite, a phase of iron which is hopelessly fragile. Islamic metallurgists were able to control for the inherent fragility and forge the raw material into fighting weapons. Damascus steels patterned surface appears only after an extremely slow cooling process: these technological improvements were not known to the European blacksmiths. Damascus steel was made from a raw material called wootz steel. Wootz was an exceptional grade of iron ore steel first made in southern and south-central India and Sri Lanka perhaps as early as 300 BCE. Wootz was extracted from raw iron ore and formed using the crucible method to melt, burn away impurities and add important ingredients, including a carbon content between 1.3–1.8 percent by weight—wrought iron typically has carbon content of around 0.1 percent. Modern Alchemy Although European blacksmiths and metallurgists who attempted to make their own blades did eventually overcome the problems inherent in a high-carbon content, they could not explain how ancient Syrian blacksmiths achieved the filigreed surface and quality of the finished product. Scanning electron microscopy has identified a series of known purposeful additions to Wootz steel, such as the bark of Cassia auriculata (also used in tanning animal hides) and the leaves of Calotropis gigantea (a milkweed). Spectroscopy of wootz has also identified tiny amounts of vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, and nickel, and some rare elements such as phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon, traces of which presumably came from the mines in India. Successful reproduction of damascene blades which match the chemical composition and possess the watered-silk decoration and the internal microstructure was reported in 1998 (Verhoeven, Pendray,  and Dautsch), and blacksmiths have been able to use those methods to reproduce the examples illustrated here. Refinements to the earlier study continue to provide information about complex metallurgical processes (Strobl and colleagues). A lively debate concerning the possible existence of a nanotube microstructure of Damascus steel developed between researchers Peter Paufler and Madeleine Durand-Charre, but nanotubes have been largely discredited. Recent research (Mortazavi and Agha-Aligol) into Safavid (16th–17th century) openwork steel plaques with flowing calligraphy were also made of wootz steel using the damascene process. A study (Grazzi and colleagues) of four Indian swords (tulwars) from the 17th through 19th-centuries using neutron transmission measurements and metallographic analysis was able to identify wootz steel based on its components. Sources Durand-Charre, M. Les Aciers Damassà ©s: Du Fer Primitif Aux Aciers Modernes. Paris: Presses des Mines, 2007. Print.Embury, David, and Olivier Bouaziz. Steel-Based Composites: Driving Forces and Classifications. Annual Review of Materials Research 40.1 (2010): 213-41. Print.Kochmann, Werner, et al. Nanowires in Ancient Damascus Steel. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 372.1–2 (2004): L15-L19. Print.Reibold, Marianne, et al. Discovery of Nanotubes in Ancient Damascus Steel. Physics and Engineering of New Materials. Eds. Cat, DoTran, Annemarie Pucci and Klaus Wandelt. Vol. 127. Springer Proceedings in Physics: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. 305-10. Print.Mortazavi, Mohammad, and Davoud Agha-Aligol. Analytical and Microstructural Approach to the Study of Historical Ultra-High Carbon (Uhc) Steel Plaques Belong to the Malek National Library and Museum Institution, Iran. Materials Characterization 118 (2016): 159-66. Print.Strobl, Susanne, Roland Haubner, and Wolfgang Scheiblechne r. New Steel Combinations Produced by the Damascus Technique. Advanced Engineering Forum 27 (2018): 14-21. Print.Strobl, Susanne, Roland Haubner, and Wolfgang Scheiblechner. Damascus Steel Inlay on a Sword Blade—Production and Characterization. Key Engineering Materials 742 (2017): 333-40. Print.Verhoeven, John D., and Howard F. Clark. Carbon Diffusion between the Layers in Modern Pattern-Welded Damascus Blades. Materials Characterization 41.5 (1998): 183-91. Print.Verhoeven, J. D., and A. H. Pendray. Origin of the Damask Pattern in Damascus Steel Blades. Materials Characterization 47.5 (2001): 423-24. Print.Wadsworth, Jeffrey. Archeometallurgy Related to Swords. Materials Characterization 99 (2015): 1-7. Print.Wadsworth, Jeffrey, and Oleg D. Sherby. Response to Verhoeven Comments on Damascus Steel. Materials Characterization 47.2 (2001): 163-65. Print.

The Rise Of Witch Hunting - 1877 Words

The â€Å"disenchantment of the world† marks something of a significant of moment in history. A time when the disbelief in witches grew to the size where it ended the persecution and execution of witches. Leaving behind an age of the supernatural and giving wake to the Age of Enlightenment. The Age of Enlightenment was a time of great scientific strides for mankind. Is it a coincidence that this also happens to be the time in which we see a significant decline in the witch-hunting? As the beliefs surrounding magic and the supernatural begin their shift more towards skepticism it is worth noting some of the other factors that are believed to have come into play when talking about the decline in witchcraft persecutions. However, without substantial proof of how these other factors played a direct role on the decline of witch prosecutions it seems as though the only thing we know for certain is that the enlightenment played its part in changing the mindset of a great number peopl e and helped to bring an end to the number of witches brought to execution. It should be taking into account that this paper is not meant to speculate on whether or not the existence of witches was or is real and the existence of such people will be conceived as real for the purpose of the essay. The goal of this paper is strictly to determine what was the cause of decline in witch prosecutions and executions during the time of the seventeenth and eighteenth century, where we have the last recorded trialsShow MoreRelatedThe Rise of Witch Hunts in Europe During the Early Modern Period970 Words   |  4 PagesThe Rise of Witch Hunts in Europe During the Early Modern Period Tens of thousands of people were persecuted and put to death as witches between 1570 and 1680 – known as the great age of witch-hunts. Europeans had an extensive range of magical beliefs and practices, mainly due to the Christian belief that magic exists. The elite believed in magic as fervently as the most ignorant peasant. It was believed that some members of the society sold their soul to the devil givingRead MoreWere Pre-Modern European Witchhunts Mysogynistic? Essay1085 Words   |  5 PagesWere the witch-hunts in pre-modern Europe misogynistic? Anne Llewellyn Barstow seems to think so in her article, â€Å"On Studying Witchcraft as Women’s History: A Historiography of the European Witch Persecutions†. On the contrary, Robin Briggs disagrees that witch-hunts were not solely based on hatred for women as stated in his article, â€Å"Women as Victims? Witches, Judges and the Community†. The witch craze that once rapidly swept through Europe may have been because of misconstrued circumstances. TheRead MoreThe Accusation of Witches in Puritan, New England1634 Words   |  7 Pagesbasis of this stringent religious way of life that the witch-hunts on 1692 came about. The accusation of people, beginning in Salem, Massachusetts and quickly spreading throughout the Puritan community began because the Puritans needed a scapegoat for their problems. The Puritans accused people of being a witch for actions that were hardly considered illegal and usually had to do with a threat posed to the church. Websters Dictionary defines a witch as 1. A woman practicing the black arts; 2. A charmingRead MoreWhy Did The Great European Witch Hunt Take Place?1819 Words   |  8 PagesWhy did the great European witch-hunt take place? The hunting of witches was a tremendous issue in Europe, especially in the time period from the year 1450 to the year 1750. It was mainly targeted towards women and led to the execution of numerous individuals. Witch-hunting was frowned upon due to its association with the devil. Evil acts (including devil worship and black magic) were considered crimes, therefore the government and its courts became involved. Women were punished because of theRead MoreWitchcraft in the 17th Century Essay549 Words   |  3 Pagespowers from Satan in exchange for the witch’s soul. Some of these magical powers included outrageous claims such as flying, being able to transform and cursing bad luck on others. It was extremely dangerous to be accused of being a witch as the most common punishment was death, often by beheading or even being burnt at the stake. A large proportion of society in England believed in witchcraft, but the reasons as to why a country which was developing a belief in scienceRead MoreThe Decline Of The Church1446 Words   |  6 Pagesreligions took a toll on the public who were already destitute due to economic recessions and population decline. As society tried to make sense of all the turmoil, they shifted the responsibility of it from the church onto the devil. The rise in the active hunting and persecution of witches was in direct response to the social, economical, and political turmoil during the Protestant Reformation. Leaders and clergy of the church were straying from the book. They began to focus their attention onRead MoreThe And Social Perception Of Witches980 Words   |  4 Pagesplagued with political unrest in the ascension of James I, and his belief in the divine right of Kings. His rise to the throne saw him bring the trials and tribulations of witchcraft and witch-hunting from Scotland, and enforce a 1604 prohibition of conjuring magic. The emergence of this pamphlet in 1645 came about in the early years of the English Civil War, a time that saw an increase in the witch-hunts undertaken by self-proclaimed hunter general Matthew Hopkins. This thematic essay will cover threeRead MoreWitch Hunts And The Witch Trials2972 Words   |  12 PagesThis essay assesses the claim that witch-hunting was rarely an uncontrollable or hysterical phenomenon. Witch hunts have traditionally been presented in the academic literature as the result of a panicked reaction to supposed malevolent devil wors hip (e.g., Trevor-Roper 1969; Thomas 1972). In support of this interpretation, it is possible to cite numerous cases in which large numbers of people were put on trial, imprisoned, tortured, and executed seemingly without reason and on poor evidence. ItRead MoreThe Witch Trials Of 16921310 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The witch hunting craze that swept through northern Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries was the result†¦ of genuine superstition and religious fervor combined with political motivations and paranoia. Peasants and nobles alike looked to supernatural causes for storms and diseases, but they also saw the trials as ways to gain office or wealth by eliminating their rivals.† This paranoia spread across the world and one of the most notorious cases landed right here in our country, the Salem Witch TrialsRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials And The Early Civilizations1725 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the Salem Witch trials are commonly referred to as the start of th e witchcraft persecution, witchcraft can be found the early civilizations. Evidence of this is easily found in the societies that had Shamans or Healers of the village, where healing or blessings were done through spiritual connections. Back then, people were more accepting of it in their daily lives because they depended on it, but things were different in Europe during the Middle AGes. With the added influence of Christian

Sources Of Environmental DNA - 1530 Words

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is not directly sampled from an organism instead is released from the organism to the environment (https://freshwaterhabitats.org.uk/projects/edna/edna/). Sources of eDNA are divided in intraorganismal eDNA and extraorganismal eDNA, where the former refers to DNA inside a living organism and the latest indicate eDNA not inside a living organism and under influences of the degradation process. More precisely, intraorganismal eDNA describes microbe and small organisms living in the soil, water or air, whilst extraorganismal eDNA include shedding cells or faces dispersed in the environment (Turner et al, 2012). Traditional methods of crayfish species detection are often time-consuming, costly, potentially dangerous†¦show more content†¦Currently, eDNA has some weaknesses in the detection of target species, either endangered or invasive. These weaknesses are predominantly the appearance of false positives likewise false negatives which alter the prevalence of target organism in a certain area (Roussel et al, 2015). Even if marine and freshwater ecosystems are rich in eDNA, the persistence of eDNA fragments in such environment is short, although depending on the type of organisms and habitat conditions. The exposure of water samples to light and temperature has an effect on the efficiency of detection. Amphibians eDNA showed better detectability in aquaria after 11 days in shaded place, compared with full sun samples which detectability cease after 8 days. However, samples with the longest persistence were those refrigerated where eDNA was detectable after 18 days in all samples. Subsequently, salamanders eDNA was introduced in inhabit streams, left 24 hours and removed. One hour after removing the salamanders, eDNA was not anymore detectable (Pillod et al, 2013). Some other studies showed good detectability in aquatic facilities or tanks, but worse or non-existent after reproducing the experiment in natural habitat (Quentin). The concentration of microbes in tank and temperature in natural habi tat is another factor which can influence the concentration of eDNA in samples (Tsuji et al, 2017). The detectability of eDNA in seawater is lower than in the other aqueousShow MoreRelatedSex Determination By Amplification Of Amelogenin Gene From Dental Pulp Tissue By Pcr1727 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Amelogenin gene using PCR method on DNA isolated from dental pulp, which was exposed to various environmental conditions created artificially to mimic a forensic scenario. Materials and Method: This in-vitro study was conducted by subjecting extracted teeth to various conditions imitating a forensic scene, viz. desiccation at room temperatures, immersion in salt water, burial in soil and even exposing to temperatures of 150  ºC, 250  ºC, 350  ºC. DNA was extracted from dental pulp tissue and sexRead MoreThe Role Dna Serves For The Human Cell1267 Words   |  6 Pages The Role DNA Serves For The Human Cell Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) accommodates a variety of purposes, including data storage and replication, in the human cell and in the cells of many other organisms. DNA in a human cell is primarily responsible for storing genetic information that is utilized to control virtually every aspect of cellular expression. This genetic information is passed down from parents to progeny, resulting in progeny with some genetic traits of each parent. DNA is withal replicatedRead MoreCloning the Metagenome to Access the Biodiversity of Unculturable Bacteria 1461 Words   |  6 Pagesmicroorganisms. Those bacteria which cannot be grown easily on artificial nutrient media are referred as unculturables. The evidence for the presence of yet to be cultivated bacteria came from the molecular data. The capability to obtain DNA sequence information from an environmental sample by PCR manipulations and direct sequencing allowed identification of these phylogenetically important groups. When a sample is c ollected from environment, the total number of bacterial cells within sample is extremely highRead MoreThe Importance Of Biology753 Words   |  4 PagesBackground Survey/Significance Living cells maintain their life by using epigenetic transcriptional memory to respond to their changing environmental stimuli (D’Urso and Brickner, 2014). Epigenetic transcriptional memory phenomenon causes changes in chromatin structure, allowing cells to have a rapid transcriptional response to an environmental stimulus that they have previously experienced (D’Urso and Brickner, 2016). Transcriptional memory is prominent in eukaryotic cells because multicellularRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Developing Genetically Engineered Organisms1120 Words   |  5 Pagesto different environments. Other uses of this such of a technology, is known as the recombinant DNA technology, it includes gene therapy, which is the supply of a functional gene to a person with a genetic disorder or with other diseases such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or cancer. Genetic engineering involves the manipulation of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. Important tools in this process are so-called restriction enzymes that are produced by variousRead MoreThe Information Found On Two Reliable Internet Websites1424 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation found on two reliable Internet websites is a secondary source by a renowned and well-known university, established since 1870 and a prestigious association, The Health Research Funding. In source 1 the pages linking to genetically modified foods is very rich in detail and has more then one contributor, all of which are very highly qualified in their areas of science. Therefore the information obtained is considered reliable. In source 2 the information is clear and detailed yet there is no authorRead MoreHuman Genome Project Essay examples504 Words   |  3 Pagespresent in the form of the genes in an organism forms its genome. Each human being has 23 pairs of chromosomes having DNA double helix in each. The Human Genome Project is a worldwide research effort with the goal of analyzing the structure of human DNA and determining the location of the estimated 100,000 human genes. In parallel with this effort, the DNA of a set of model organisms will be studied to provide the comparative information necessary for understanding the Read MoreDna Sequences Using Polymerase Chain Reaction1605 Words   |  7 PagesRibosomal DNA Sequences using Polymerase Chain Reaction Edwina Abou Haidar, Houssam Al Koussa, Mary AbedAlAhad. Department of Biology, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon Abstract The 16s rRNA gene sequencing is a widely common amplicon sequencing method used to identify and compare bacteria in a given sample. This method is well established and allows to study phylogeny and taxonomy of complex microbiomes. In this study, an unknown sample of extracted microbial DNA was analyzedRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms : The Most Valuable Source Human Beings Need?1169 Words   |  5 Pages What’s the most valuable source human beings need? It’s food! But when does crossing the line of messing with food take a toll on human consumption? Should an effort to curb world hunger increase food production through the use of GMOs? There’s many speculations on GMOs on how some say it s bad for human consumption and how others say it s perfectly fine. This argument will be about how GMOs are bad for human consumption who many people tend to go on that side. 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Performance and Profitability of an Organization

Question: Discuss about the Performance and Profitability of an Organization. Answer: Introduction Performance and profitability of an organization depend on the performance of its workforce. In order to perk up performance and motivation of the employees, the most recognized and effective process is employee reward system (Shields et al. 2015). Reward systems motivate employees to change and enhance their work habit and key behaviors so that their respective organizations can be benefited. Importance of reward systems in employee motivation In spite of being the most effective motivational factor, reward systems and their applications are still biased in most of the business organization. Employee reward systems are divided into two parts that are intrinsic reward system and extrinsic reward system. Intrinsic reward systems are non-physical rewards. They cannot be seen or felt but are emotionally associated with the employees. According to Conrad et al. (2015), intrinsic reward rewards can be defined as the sensation of satisfaction one finds in the completion of any task. On the other hand, extrinsic reward systems come from an external source such as employers only. However, according to Cho and Perry (2012), extrinsic rewards can also be attached emotionally if implemented properly as employees value such rewards. A debate is always is there to decide which rewards systems is most effective as implanting both intrinsic and extrinsic would be a tough job for small organizations. That is why; most of the organizations tend to use either intrinsic or extrinsic rewards. As money is considered as the most valuable asset, extrinsic rewards are implemented in most of the organizations. However, as mentioned by Shields et al. (2015), not all the employees can be motivated by financial rewards as recognition, sense of achievement, extra holidays and other intrinsic rewards are also desired by them. In order to find out which rewards is better and can implement higher motivation among the employees, many types of research took place. Some of those researches supported intrinsic reward and some of them supported extrinsic reward. As a result, it is yet not clear that which rewards system a small organization can execute in their organizational culture to motivate its employees. Besides, it is also important to find out the best reward within intrinsic or extrinsic reward system. For example, bonus or commissions might implement more motivation among the employees than fringe benefits. It helps an organiza tion to focus on one particular yet effective reward process, which will reduce the implementation and maintenance, cost (Presslee et al. 2013). In todays business environment, where competition among the organizations is fierce, the need for reward systems is paramount. That is why; it is important to conduct research on the current business atmosphere to figure out which reward systems will fit the most. In order to carry out this research, an organization will be selected where motivation level of the employees are comparatively low. Carrying out research in such organization will help to understand which reward systems are mostly welcomed by the employees. Conclusion In the end, it can be said that employee reward system is a process that must be updated and upgraded according to the needs of the employees. One organization cannot just implement one reward method and expect all the employees to get motivated from it. Especially for different industries, the priorities and expectations of the employees are different. That is why; reward systems that will be able to motivate employees in different industries will be different too. References Cho, Y.J. and Perry, J.L., 2012. Intrinsic motivation and employee attitudes role of managerial trustworthiness, goal directedness, and extrinsic reward expectancy. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 32(4), pp.382-406. Conrad, D., Ghosh, A. and Isaacson, M., 2015. Employee motivation factors: A comparative study of the perceptions between physicians and physician leaders. International Journal of Public Leadership, 11(2), pp.92-106. Presslee, A., Vance, T.W. and Webb, R.A., 2013. The effects of reward type on employee goal setting, goal commitment, and performance.The Accounting Review,88(5), pp.1805-1831. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.

Analyzing National Competitive Advantage in Kuwait-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAnalyzing National Competitive Advantage in Kuwait. Answer: National Competitive Advantage and relating policies in Kuwait: Kuwait is one of worlds freest economies, which has the worlds sixth largest oil reserves that enrich its economy significantly (Kuwait Times, 2018). The country has the fourth highest per capita income in the world that makes it one of the wealthiest nations (Abdulla, Naser and Saeid 2014). With the possession of a huge share in the global oil resources, it stands out to be an extra economic power. The economic success of Kuwait stands on its comparative advantages that strive to overcome the various disadvantages. The government supports a free market economy, however, Kuwait is still to prosper and succeed in the global competition. Considering the Porters model of Competitive Advantage, the four policies connoting to the four determinants of national competitive advantage that helps to attract Multinational Corporations and protect the domestic firms in the company. The Porters model shows multiple alternatives for companies to acquire competitive advantage. The four determinants of Porters model that serve to be the basis for analyzing and discussing Kuwaits competitive advantage are as follows: The competitive advantage of Kuwait, as in the case of other nations, developed with passing time. With these, the strengths of Kuwait have contributed to its current position in the world market. Business Atmosphere: The government in Kuwait has an excellent infrastructure that has highly contributed through the business atmosphere in the nation. Having an economic freedom score of about 62.2, the trade freedom shows that foreign exchange controls are rarely present enabling free capital movement into and out of the nation (Marchi, Maria and Micelli 2013). Taxation policies are weak since the legal system is not well developed. Individual income is also not taxed and firms owned by foreign delegates along with the joint ventures are subjected to flat 15% corporate income tax (Marchi, Maria and Micelli 2013). Thus, raw materials and other necessities for business can be imported into the nation duty free. The government has been able to bring the cost of living of the people under control through stricter control of the supply of money and initiated policies for subsidising the prices of multiple commodities and services. Thus, it is very advantageous for MNCs to set in business in Kuwaits market situation. It has the ability to grow its capital market enough through the new businesses thriving in and the domestic firms it already has (Laszlo and Zhexembayeva 2017). Together they serve to be a catalyst for development. Thus, Kuwait must adopt rational financial policies to better integrate the businesses. Population growth: Kuwait has a population of about 4.3 million people out of which 1.3 serves to be Kuwaitis and 2.9 are expatriates (Times, 2018). The country being dominated by expatriates accounting to seventy percent of the population, it becomes favourable for the MNCs to prosper with their business renderings. However, Kuwait needs to foster on the governments stability and its political and legal system. Many foreigners have trouble in enforcing aspects of contracts in the legal courts. Corruption serves to be widespread and the judicial system has a wide political influence that lacks transparency (Al-Saidi and Al-Shammari 2014). Thus, the country fails to diversify its economy that sets in a poor business climate. However, the social factor that strengthened Kuwait is the prevailing market that seeks quality from its domestic manufacturers. Thus, there is the creation of an atmosphere that expects high quality exports worldwide. The evolution of Kuwaits assets has provided the pathway for var ious businesses such as chemical production, machineries, banking industries and others along with the huge oil industry, which it already has. Demand Determinant: Porter evaluated that the demand determinant promotes the accumulation of nations competitive industries. The industrial growth of Kuwait has been widely influenced by the demand determinant factor, making it unique compared to the other Middle Easts industrial powers. The uniqueness of the industries has been growing from the arena of medium to bigger sized companies that frame the basic of the export trades of Kuwait (Sola et al. 2013). The unlimited natural resources like oil, gas, arable land and lower energy cost of Kuwait serve to be the economic factors that promote productivity. Thus, the competitive advantage in the country is rapid in various sectors. The vast oil reserves dominate the Kuwaiti economy that relies heavily on oil. Thus, various policies that would increase productivity, embarking a growth in per capita income would lead the country to be one of the leading economic nations. Considering the demand determinant with the accelerating policies, Kuwait can increase its shares in the industries of the world with a continuous flow of domestic investments. New Developing Phase: Kuwait has not been able to diversify its economy and promote the private sector chiefly because a large section of the public sector employs about seventy-six percent of the citizens. Moving from the economy driven by the public sector, Kuwait is now entering a new era of development in which the private sector is gaining importance and becoming the engine for growth (Mohammed 2017). The various private companies are being inspired to render greater participation in infrastructural development that includes sanitation, waterpower and others. Thus, policies relating to the privatisation in various key factors needs to be and are being accelerated. Different aspects such as public transportation, services related to port and postal system are getting the recognition of private management (Al-Shammari 2014). Various MNCs with services such as telecommunication and other developmental businesses have the opportunity for expanding industries in Kuwaits market. However, there are uncertai nties regarding the regulations that govern competition among firms. Kuwait has various competitive advantages for its domestic businesses and other MNCs to practice effectively in the country, however, certain competitive disadvantages seem to evolve in the market structure of the country. The companies in Kuwait are assessed to be less competitive in the world market. Moreover, they seem to be very slow in responding to the changing environment. Thus, various MNCs take a step back for establishing their businesses in the country believing that prosperity has ended. The country simultaneously incurred deficit in balance of payments for a long time. It is also reported to have a high burden of domestic debt with a partially developed stock market. Thus, Kuwait as a whole must initiate some immediate policies to promote competitive advantages to develop its economy in the long term. Strategies to enhance employment in Kuwait firms: Considering employment, the various strategies that are being encouraged and adopted by the prevailing and emerging companies of Kuwait are discussed below- The government of Kuwait has already been using wage policies to achieve equality among various sectors of the economy in respect to working hours, incentives or wages. The public sector of Kuwait has been suffering from over employment (Behar and Mok 2013). Thus, the government has been encouraging the youth to be engaged in the private sector instead of waiting for public sector jobs. Students from the various universities are being subjected to transformative training and get engaged in highly demand labour market that includes science, technology and technical fields. Influencing policy has been motivating the private sector to participate in economic activities and create more job opportunities. This would balance the burden of employment of graduates in the public sector. Oil being the chief source of income in Kuwait, the nation has been experiencing some fiscal consolidation due to the fall in oil prices. However, such fiscal obstacles are not supposed to affect the employment policies. Social protection along with the promises of state to guarantee employment services and benefits to the citizens has been very effective in the country (Assaad 2014). Alongside, the support towards artisans by giving them incentives to increase their competitive abilities has been equally beneficial. With multiple financial support and administrative facilities, the country ensures the sustainability to attract the youth and graduates in better employment. The second developmental plan of Kuwait ensures health, education and social services to its workers backed by laws and regulations that assure the countrys respect towards international labour standards. Improving the business environment with major investment opportunities promotes greater employments. The establishment of joint stock companies, increasing partnership projects with private sector, improve in public projects management and the growing establishment of small businesses with improved investment rates have created more opportunities for employment in the private sector (Jehanzeb, Rasheed and Rasheed 2013). This has been leading to the improvement and growth of economy in general. The first and second development plan of Kuwait serves to be important elements to reduce unemployment and create more job opportunities for the national labour force. Along with these, activation of the National Fund to support small and medium enterprises has been very effective for the reduction of unemployment. All these have been successful in creating sustainable jobs that have supported the main industries in the country. With greater training, the country has been provoking the youth to expand their technical, technological and vocational skills to improve their capabilities and be employed in various sectors. Thus, Kuwait as a country, with all its disadvantageous propositions has been striving hard to render greater employment and proceed to become one of the leading economies in the world. References: Abdulla, A.M., Naser, K. and Saeid, M., 2014. Employability factors of business graduates in Kuwait: Evidence from an emerging country.International Journal of Business and Management,9(10), p.49. Al-Saidi, M. and Al-Shammari, B., 2014. Corporate governance in Kuwait: An analysis in terms of grounded theory.International Journal of Disclosure and Governance,11(2), pp.128-160. Al-Shammari, B., 2014. Kuwait corporate characteristics and level of risk disclosure: a content analysis approach.Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business Research,3(3), pp.128-153. Assaad, R., 2014. Making sense of Arab labor markets: the enduring legacy of dualism.IZA Journal of Labor Development,3(1), p.6. Behar, M.A. and Mok, M.J., 2013.Does Public-Sector Employment Fully Crowd Out Private-Sector Employment?(No. 13-146). International Monetary Fund. Jehanzeb, K., Rasheed, A. and Rasheed, M.F., 2013. Organizational commitment and turnover intentions: impact of employees training in private sector of Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Business and Management,8(8), p.79. Kuwait Times. (2018).Iran eyes major economic growth next year - Kuwait Times. [online] Available at: https://news.kuwaittimes.net/website/iran-eyes-major-economic-growth-next-year/ [Accessed 4 Apr. 2018]. Laszlo, C. and Zhexembayeva, N., 2017.Embedded sustainability: The next big competitive advantage. Routledge. Marchi, V.D., Maria, E.D. and Micelli, S., 2013. Environmental strategies, upgrading and competitive advantage in global value chains.Business strategy and the environment,22(1), pp.62-72. Mohammed, N.S.A., 2017.Population and development of the Arab Gulf States: the case of Bahrain, Oman and Kuwait. Routledge. Sola, D., Couturier, J., Raiciu, C. and Cuzzolin, S., 2013. Market entry decisions in emerging economies: the choice of local intermediaries as key determinant of competitive sustainability. Examining the case of a leading MNC entering the Maghreb region.International Journal of Trade and Global Markets,6(1), pp.51-65. Times, A. (2018).Kuwait population rises to 4.33 mln - ARAB TIMES - KUWAIT NEWS. [online] ARAB TIMES - KUWAIT NEWS. Available at: https://www.arabtimesonline.com/news/kuwait-population-rises-4-33-mln/ [Accessed 4 Apr. 2018].